The base of the tower crane is generally bolted to a large concrete pad which provides very crucial support. The base is attached to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane which is attached to the inside of the building's structure. Normally, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The crane's mast is often a triangulated lattice structure that measures 0.9m2 or 10 feet square. Connected to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit is made of a gear and a motor that enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kg or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Moreover, two limit switches are utilized to be able to ensure the operator does not overload the crane. There is even one more safety feature referred to as a load moment switch to make certain that the operator does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 230 feet or 70 meters.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will at first need to be transported to the construction site by utilizing a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the equipment part of the jib and the crane. Then, these sections are connected to the mast. After that, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts could be a few of the other industrial machines which is utilized to erect a crane.
As the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height can match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a climbing frame or a top climber that fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or 20 feet. After that, the crane driver utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast section piece.